📘 Class 11 – Chemistry

Chapter 01: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 💊

📌 PART – 2

Welcome back to ExamsPoint Notes! In this second part of the chapter, we dive deeper into the fundamental laws and concepts that shape modern chemistry.

📌 This chapter is divided into 4 parts – Make sure to continue to the next blog after finishing this one!

📚 Contents with Explanations:

✅ Laws of Chemical Combination

These are the foundational laws that describe how substances combine chemically to form new compounds:

📍Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.
📍Law of Definite Proportion
A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.
📍Law of Multiple Proportions
When two elements form more than one compound, the mass ratios of one element to a fixed mass of the other are simple whole numbers.
📍Gay Lussac’s Law of Gaseous Volumes
Gases react in simple whole number volume ratios under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
📍Avogadro’s Law
Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

✅ Dalton’s Atomic Theory

John Dalton proposed that matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms. This theory laid the groundwork for modern chemistry, although some parts were later modified.

✅ Atomic Mass & Molecular Mass

Atomic Mass is the mass of a single atom, often expressed in atomic mass units (amu).
Molecular Mass is the sum of atomic masses of atoms in a molecule.

✅ Mole Concept & Molar Masses

A mole represents 6.022 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro’s number).

Molar Mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, usually in g/mol.

✅ Standard Molar Volume

One mole of an ideal gas at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) occupies 22.4 L.

✅ Percentage Composition

It is the percentage by mass of each element present in a compound, useful in empirical and molecular formula determination.

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📖 What’s Next?

👉 Move on to Part 3, where we cover Empirical & Molecular Formula, Stoichiometry, Limiting Reagent, and more!

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Some Basic concepts of chemistry (Part-2) || Class-11 || Chemistry Handwritten Notes